The scientific research problems can be easily modeled by using the modeling language and it is necessary for getting the errors in the solution at the early stages of the development/ implementation of solution of the scientific research problem. Many of the software companies are using the object-oriented modeling language for this purpose. A planning for new town in a country is very complex...

Inspired by the “generalized t-designs” defined by Cameron [P. J. Cameron, A generalisation of t-designs, Discrete Math. 309 (2009), 4835–4842], we define a new class of combinatorial designs which simultaneously provide a generalization of both covering designs and covering arrays. We then obtain a number of bounds on the minimum sizes of these designs, and describe some methods of constructin...

This paper presents an empirical methodology for the evaluation of the beneÞts and costs of land use planning. The technique is applied in the context of the Town and Country Planning System of the UK, and examines the gross and net beneÞts of land use regulation and their distribution across income groups. The results show that the welfare and distributional impacts can be large. Proposed Runn...

—Little information exists on nesting by seabirds and coastal waterbirds in Panamá. The present study of the Gulf of Chiriquí complements our previous study of nesting waterbirds of the Gulf of Panamá. In April 2012, about 4,000 nests of seven species of seabirds and other colonial waterbirds were identified during a complete survey by small plane and boat within and adjacent to the Gulf of Chi...