This paper argues that evolutionary robotics (ER) techniques can act as useful and potentially wide ranging tools in the scientific investigation of adaptive behaviour. After discussing the kinds of investigations ER can play a central role in, a concrete example is presented. We conclude that these kinds of studies are not only scientifically useful, but are necessary for the field to develop ...

statement of problem: a recent technique (mbt) has been introduced for easy and efficient orthodontic treatment by means of straight wire fixed appliances. although this technique has many advantages, in space closure stage causes up righting problem in upper incisors, which should be adjusted by applying additional torque in anterior region. purpose: the purpose of this clinical trial was to d...

conclusions project management may benefit both the managerial and scientific aspects of medical projects and reduce fund waste. however, little has been written to date on project management in the context of clinical research. the suggestions represent the views of the individual authors. to provide a high level of evidence in this regard, we recommend that a randomized controlled trial be pe...

We show that for every p > 0 there is an autohomeomorphism h of the countable infinite product of lines R N such that for every r > 0, h maps the Hilbert cube [ r , r ] N precisely onto the "elliptic cube" o~ {X ~ R N : ~ i = l I xi]p ~rP)" T h i s m e a n s that the supremum n o r m and, for instance, the Hilbert norm (p ---2) are topologically indistinguishable as functions on R N. The result...