introduction forest for biodiversity and ecological functions is the main natural habitats. the most important function of forest is zonal and global climate regulation, recreation and ecotourism, water saving, regulation of hydrological cycle, flood control, and prevention of soil erosion. valuation of public goods was noticeably widespread in the last decades. an understanding of the relation...

We apply the Weber-Fechner’s law, which represents the relation between the magnitude of physical stimulus and the magnitude of psychological sense in human being, to the utility function. We conclude that the utility function of n-types of goods is of separable type u(x1, x2, · · · , xn) = u1(x1) + u2(x2) + · · · + un(xn), which give the relation of the demand function in the form pi = dui/dxi...

BACKGROUND The risk of progression to active tuberculosis is greatest in the several years following initial infection. The extent to which latent tuberculosis infection reduces the risk of progressive disease following reexposure and reinfection is not known. Indirect estimates from population models have been highly variable. METHODS We reviewed prospective cohort studies of persons exposed...

There are n agents who have von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions on a finite set of alternatives A. Each agent i’s utility function is known to lie in the nonempty, convex, relatively open set Ui. Suppose L is a lottery on A that is undominated, meaning that there is no other lottery that is guaranteed to Pareto dominate L no matter what the true utility functions are. Then, there exist ut...

background: cardiovascular diseases are viewed worldwide as one of the main causes of death.this study aims to report the burden of ischemic heart diseases (ihds) in iran by using data of the global burden of disease (gbd) study, 1990-2010. materials and methods: the gbd study 2010 was a systematic eff ort to provide comprehensive data to calculate disability-adjusted life years (dalys) for dis...