Objective: To provide information needed by patients with breast cancer (stages I and II) and their physicians when deciding whether axillary dissection should be carried out. Options: No axillary surgery; removal of all axillary lymph nodes; removal of level 1 and 2 nodes; axillary “sampling.” Outcomes: Accurate determination of stage of cancer, resulting in better-informed therapeutic decisio...

We report a young male with an initial excisional biopsy report of melanoma of the lower back, referred to our hospital for complete excision and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.  Four peritumoral intradermal Tc-99m phytate injection was performed and SLNs were detected in both axillary and right inguinal regions. On the biopsy only the right axillary SLN was metastatic leading to right axilla...

The yellow color of bulk AlN crystals was found to be caused by the optical absorption of light with wavelengths shorter than that of yellow. This yellow impurity limits UV transparency and hence restricts the applications of AlN substrates for deep UV optoelectronic devices. Here, the optical properties of AlN epilayers, polycrystalline AlN, and bulk AlN single crystals have been investigated ...

Orientation and spatial frequency selectivities are fundamental properties of cells in the early visual cortex. Although they are customarily tested with drifting sinusoidal gratings, a recently developed subspace reverse correlation method may be a better replacement for obtaining a selectivity map in a joint orientation and spatial frequency domain at higher resolution efficiently. These two ...

Multiscale techniques are becoming increasingly important for molecular simulation as a result of interest in increasingly complex problems involving events occurring over multiple time and length scales. Here, inspired by the success of the multiscale quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods, we introduce a hybrid, adaptive resolution, multiscale molecular dynamics method that c...