The recent report for the Commission of the European Communities on current multilingual activities in the field of scientific and technical information 1 and the 1977 conference on the same theme 2 both included substantial sections on operational and experimental machine translation systems, and in its Plan of action 3 the Commission announced its intention to introduce an operational machine...

World War I is often said to have benefited British women by giving them the vote and by enabling them to take on traditionally male roles, including ones in science, engineering and medicine. In reality, conventional hierarchies were rapidly re-established after the Armistice. Concentrating mainly on a small group of well-qualified scientific and medical women, marginalized at the time and als...

OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study investigated the health effects of experiences during World War II among veterans by examining how well-being changed across the postwar years and varied by prewar individual attributes. METHOD The subjects were men from the Stanford-Terman data archives who served in World War II and were born before 1925 (N = 328). Of these veterans, 236 were known to have ...

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the sex ratio at birth (SRB, male proportion) alter in Iraq during its war against Iran (1980-1988). Here we compared 785 births (348 males, 437 females) during 1980-1989 with 1144 births (655 males, 489 females) before 1980 and 2914 births (1496 males, 1418 females) after 1989 in Fallujah, Iraq. The SRB significantly decreased during ...

I discovered the green fluorescent protein GFP from the jellyfish Aequorea aequorea in 1961 as a byproduct of the Ca-sensitive photoprotein aequorin (Shimomura et al., 1962; Johnson et al., 1962), and identified its chromophore in 1979 (Shimomura, 1979). GFP was a beautiful protein but it remained useless for the next 30 years after the discovery. My story begins in 1945, the year the city of N...

World War I is often said to have benefited British women by giving them the vote and by enabling them to take on traditionally male roles, including ones in science, engineering and medicine. In reality, conventional hierarchies were rapidly re-established after the Armistice. Concentrating mainly on a small group of well-qualified scientific and medical women, marginalized at the time and als...

When people mention statistics and human cognition in the same sentence, it is usually to complain about the limitations of the latter when applied to the former. For example, during World War II the city of London was struck by German V-1 and V-2 rockets. The locations at which the rockets landed seemed to cluster in poorer parts of the city, and it was a widespread belief that these areas wer...