A set of vertices S resolves a graph G if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in S. The metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G. This paper studies the metric dimension of cartesian products G H. We prove that the metric dimension of G G is tied in a strong sense to the minimum order of a so-called doubly resolving set ...

background: malocclusion, as a worldwide issue, can cause a lot of problems for patients. panoramic (pr) and lateral cephalometric (lcr) radiographs are both usually indicated for orthodontic treatments. the aim of this study was to analyze vertical and sagittal parameters of both jaws on prs and to compare them on lcrs. materials and methods: in this cross sectional study, 61 samples from all ...

let r be a right gf-closed ring with finite left and right gorenstein global dimension. we prove that if i is an ideal of r such that r/i is a semi-simple ring, then the gorensntein flat dimensnion of r/i as a right r-module and the gorensntein injective dimensnnion of r/i as a left r-module are identical. in particular, we show that for a simple module s over a commutative gorensntein ring r, ...

This paper is devoted to various considerations on a family of sharp interpolation inequalities on the sphere, which in dimension greater than 1 interpolate between Poincaré, logarithmic Sobolev and critical Sobolev (Onofri in dimension two) inequalities. The connection between optimal constants and spectral properties of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the sphere is emphasized. The authors ad...

Let f and g be transcendental entire functions, each with a bounded set of singular values, and suppose that g ◦ φ = ψ ◦ f , where φ, ψ : C → C are affine. We show that the escaping sets of f and g have the same Hausdorff dimension. Using a result of the second author, we deduce that there exists a family of transcendental entire functions for which the escaping set has Hausdorff dimension equa...

The lower-critical dimension for the existence of the Ising spin-glass phase is calculated, numerically exactly, as dL=2.520 for a family of hierarchical lattices, from an essentially exact (correlation coefficent R2=0.999999) near-linear fit to 23 different diminishing fractional dimensions. To obtain this result, the phase transition temperature between the disordered and spin-glass phases, t...

We construct six new infinite families of finite semifields, all of which are two-dimensional over their left nuclei. We give constructions for both even and odd characteristics when the left nucleus has odd dimension over the center. The characteristic is odd in the one family in which the left nucleus has even dimension over the center. Spread sets of linear maps are used in all the construct...

All complex Hadamard matrices in dimensions two to five are known. We use this fact to derive all inequivalent sets of mutually unbiased (MU) bases in low dimensions. We find a three-parameter family of triples of MU bases in dimension four and two inequivalent classes of MU triples in dimension five. We confirm that the complete sets of (d+1)MU bases are unique (up to equivalence) in dimension...