Path planning for an autonomous vehicle can occur at two different times. First, path planning might occur at mission specification time when the vehicle’s initial path is determined and used to specify other mission factors. This task makes use of some model of the environment in planning a path that will avoid obstacles and hazardous areas. A second type of path planning might occur while the...

Global health authorities are trying to work out the current status of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and explore methods to reduce the rate of its transmission to healthy individuals. In this viewpoint we provide insights concerning how health care professionals can unintentionally shift the novel coronavirus type to more drug-resistant forms. It is worth noting that viruses usually...

Scientific motivations for ultraand extremely high energy neutrino astronomy are considered. Sources and expected fluxes of EHE/UHE neutrinos are briefly discussed. Operating and planned experiments on astrophysical neutrino detection are reviewed focusing on deep underwater/ice Cherenkov neutrino telescopes.

In some instances, it is inevitable that large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals like chlorine gas are stored and used in facilities in densely populated areas. In such cases, all safety issues must be carefully considered. To reach this goal, it is important to have accurate information concerning chlorine gas behaviors and how it is dispersed in dense urban areas. Furthermore, mainta...

We discuss in some detail the production of extremely high energy (EHE) neutrinos with energies above 1018 eV. The most certain process for producing such neutrinos results from photopion production by EHE cosmic rays in the cosmic background photon Ðeld. However, using assumptions for the EHE cosmic-ray source evolution that are consistent with results from the deep QSO survey in the radio and...