In this paper, we demonstrate the advantage of the use of broad-based stock option plans over cash compensation when the …rm needs to …nance both current and future investment in an environment where external …nance is costly. Intuitively, the company obtains funds for investment in the current period by cutting …xed wages through the issuance of stock options. The company receives additional f...

When groups receive negative feedback on their progress toward a set goal, they often escalate rather than temper their commitment. To attenuate such escalation, we suggest initiating a self-distancing response (i.e., taking the perspective of a neutral observer) by forming implementation intentionswhen,where, and how toact (i.e.,making if-then plans). Implementation intentions should help grou...

in the presence of uncertainty about what a country can be good at producing, there can be great social value to discovering costs of domestic activities, because such discoveries can be easily imitated. two failures of the laissez – faire outcome are being highlighted: there is too little investment and entrepreneurship ex ante, and too much production diversi-fication ex post. optimal policy ...

Developing countries are an under researched area in terms of their IT investment decision making. In particular, Jordan as a country is one of the areas where no interpretive case studies have been undertaken to investigate this area of information systems. The banking is one of the largest commercial IT investors in Jordanian economy, therefore it provides a good insight into the IT investmen...

The long-lasting controversy on the usefulness of cost-averaging as an investment strategy is revived by the increasingly more aggressive marketing for long term saving plans with new intensity. Albrecht et al. (2002) illustrated using a shortfall risk based approach that cost-averaging may be an efficient strategy compared to simple buy-and-hold-strategies. The contribution of this paper is a ...

This paper investigates the relationship between energy curtailment regulation and investments in distribution networks in a deregulated electric power system with distributed generation. Curtailment due to the network constraints is the interest of the paper. The network investment can be based on accommodating the energy produced from distributed generation without curtailment; however, a par...

The Time Value of Money is a important concept in Financial Management. The Time Value of Money includes the concepts of future value and discounted value or present value. In the present article, the basic notions and illustrate with their application in the field of investment which is presented in the mathematical terms in form of theorems and we also presented the applications of some well ...

In recent years Europe has become a primary focus for Chinese investment. the context of rolling out government plans such as its Belt and Road Initiative ‘Made in China 2025’ industrial strategy, fact that many companies are either controlled or influenced by Communist Party, major consequences Europe's economic development — social, political geopolitical corollaries now train. The analyses p...