Tropical forests are essential for climate change mitigation. With growing interest over the use of credits from reducing emissions deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) other natural solutions within both voluntary compliance carbon markets, key concerns about long-term durability reductions, or their permanence, arise countries, corporations, regulators, policy makers. This paper seeks...

Using some known lifting theorems we present three-space property type and permanence results; some of them seem to be new, whereas other are improvements of known facts.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of corporate governance mechanisms in preventing the bankruptcy of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, corporate governance mechanisms, including institutional ownership, non-executive members of the board, CEO dual responsibility and free float stock are determined as independent variables and Bankruptcy based on the ...

In this study, the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR ) disclosure on idiosyncratic risk has been investigated concerning three stakeholder theory, information asymmetry, and risk management. It also goes further and explores the impact of some corporate governance mechanisms such as ownership structure, board characteristics, and incentive contracts on this relationship. To achieve...

In the complex situation of a real archives or library, the contribution that air pollution makes to the fading of images is not easy to measure or observe. The effects are subtle and occur slowly, blending in with the action of light, heat, humidity, and the inherent stability (or instability) of each individual type of photograph. We are not able to say what percentage of the fading of a colo...

A recently-published paper by Wickremasinghe et al assesses the scalability of pilot projects in three countries using the aid effectiveness agenda as an analytical framework. The authors report uneven progress and recommend applying aid effectiveness principles to improve the scalability of projects. This commentary focuses on one key principle of aid effectiveness – country ownership; it desc...

The man-machine integration era (MMIE) is marked by sensor ubiquity, whose readings map human beings to finite numbers. These numbers—processed by continuously changing, optimizing/learning, finite precision, closed loop, distributed systems—are used to drive decisions such as insurance rates, prison sentencing, health care allocations and probation guidelines. Optimization and system parameter...

Ongoing economic uncertainty is imposing stringent cost pressures on organizations across industries. In response, many businesses are prioritizing their investments to drive operational efficiencies and minimize IT spend on their application portfolios. However, several factors — including the expanding size and complexity of the application portfolio, poor license management, rising total cos...