there is much discussion going on lately whether dam construction is economic or not in termsof social consequences. accordingly, various techniques and software have been released to estimate the real social cost of dam construction among which, the software simpacts has been used extensively by researchers, worldwide. the present version of simpacts software only focuses on adverse effects of...

there is much discussion going on lately whether dam construction is economic or not in termsof social consequences. accordingly, various techniques and software have been released to estimate the real social cost of dam construction among which, the software simpacts has been used extensively by researchers, worldwide. the present version of simpacts software only focuses on adverse effects of...

Currently three European satellite spectrometers, GOME1/ERS2 (1995-present), SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT (2002-present), and GOME2 (2006-present) provide a near global decadal data set of total ozone covering more than a decade. This data are very valuable for the detection of recovery in stratospheric ozone as expected from the levelling off of stratospheric chlorine. In order to detect such a signal be...

the issue of successful project management and control is of vital importance in today’s world. although the time and cost of any project is determined in advance, paying less attention to an appropriate control and revision will result in a small chance of reaching those goals. the earned value management method that shows deviation of projects schedules and costs is of the good method for thi...

Today, the construction industry is facing intense competition and success in this competition depends on several factors. Project managers try to minimize project time and cost, carbon dioxide emission and at the same time maximizing the quality of project and its plan robustness. In this paper, study construction project scheduling considering a discrete trade-off between time, cost, quality,...

A total coloring of a graph G is to color all vertices and edges of G so that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. Let C be a set of colors, and let ω be a cost function which assigns to each color c in C a real number ω(c) as a cost of c. A total coloring f of G is called an optimal total coloring if the sum of costs ω( f (x)) of colors f (x) assigned to all vertices an...

Software cost estimation is a process to calculate effort, time and cost of a project, and assist in better decision making about the feasibility or viability of project. Accurate cost prediction is required to effectively organize the project development tasks and to make economical and strategic planning, project management. There are several known and unknown factors affect this process, so ...

The proliferation of Native American casino (NAC) gambling over the past few decades has generated a concern over the social, economic. and environmental impacts. This study examined the local resident perceptions of casino gambling impacts and their subsequent support for the NACs within the Social Exchange Theory (SET) framework. It further applied a similar framework to the non-NAC settings....