the derakhte senged area is located in south of neishaboor town at khorasan razavi province. in this research, desertification intensity of derakht senged area was evaluated using imdpa, one of the newest method to assess desertification potential in arid and semi arid regions of iran. to evaluate desertification intensity, based on the primary research in this area, 4 criteria were selected in...

AIM This paper challenges recent sceptical approaches to the possibility of validating qualitative research and underlines the benefits of adopting a realist approach to validity. BACKGROUND In recent discussion about the methodological bases for qualitative research it has been argued that, because different methodologies take different approaches to validity, attempts to develop a common se...

This paper studies the structure of qualitative capacities, that is, monotonic set-functions, when they range on a finite totally ordered scale equipped with an order-reversing map. These setfunctions correspond to general representations of uncertainty, as well as importance levels of groups of criteria in multiple-criteria decision-making. We show that any capacity or fuzzy measure ranging on...

Criteria are presented by which analytical methods may be judged to have been validated for the determination of pesticide residues. All stages of analysis are addressed, from initial preparation of samples to the production of results, but with a focus on simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the requirements. Criteria are provided for both quantitative and qualitative (screening) methods and t...

Do paranormal or parapsychologicalinvestigationsmeet the criteria often said to characterize pseudo-science? Mainstream and non-mainstream research is compared through content analysis of selected samples of mainstream journals from several fields and of non-mainstream (‘‘fringe’’) journals. Oral communication processes were studied at an annual meeting of the ParapsychologicalAssociation. Thou...

This paper proposes a decentralized approach for modeling information flow in ambient environments. We study how query and notification mechanisms can be used to reduce the amount of information exchanged between agents. We will propose qualitative criteria which state whether querying a concept is appropriate given the logical structure of an agent’s knowledge base. Furthermore, we will propos...

In case of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (WANETs) topology changes due to freely moving mobile nodes. Conventional Routing protocols needs modifications so as to accommodate change in configuration to maintain performance matrices. Paper presents Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of existing routing protocols through comparison of their properties according to different criteria. Simulation stud...