Why do some bureaucrats engage in corruption for personal gain, yet others political gain? We show that these forms of frequently not coincide and offer an explanation: hired based on connections have different identities incentives which compel them to gain respectively. List experiments with a unique sample 6400 five countries Africa Asia support our argument. As theoretically expected, effec...

one of the crimes mentioned in the islamic jurisprudence and iranian statute laws as a crime against public security and security of the roads as well as terrifying the public is the crime of in fringement of public security and corruption on the earth. the present paper is an attempt to offer a comprehensive definition of “waging a war and corruption on the earth” from the jurisprudential and ...

and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Abstract One key policy dispute in the school choice debate concerns whether the education bureaucracy is a cause or a consequence of poor performance. This dispute is striking because both sides accept the same neo-institutionalist organization theory. This paper uses a large panel of school districts to address the dispute. T...

Developmental government (narrowly understood as a component of state) is transparent, effective, efficient which makes best use all national resources to create socio-economic development optimistically, actively, innovatively and creatively. not purely integrity without bureaucracy or corruption. More importantly, it plays role actively comprehensively managing its key policies in the market ...

For several decades, many scholars have widely debated the nexus between devolution of fiscal powers and efficiency. However, studies neglected role institutions other institutional settings in decentralization. This study augments literature by revisiting decentralization–growth regarding quality 24 developing countries over period 1990–2014. By using estimators fixed effects (FE), random (RE)...

Emission regulations become more prevalent in developing countries; but they may be compromised by corruption. In this paper I document the prevalence of corruption and the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations in Mexico City. I develop a statistical test for identifying a specific type of cheating that involves bribing center technicians. I also estimate a structural model of car owner...

The health sector consistently appears prominently in surveys of perceived corruption, with considerable evidence that this has serious adverse consequences for patients. Yet this issue is far from prominent in the international health policy discourse. We identify five reasons why the health policy community has been reluctant to talk about it. These are the problem of defining corruption, the...