background : muscle cramps are painful manifestations that occur in many cirrhotic patients. this study aims to evaluate the risk factors for developing muscle cramps. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study evaluated 24 cirrhotic patients (18 male, 6 female) during 15 months. patients underwent careful examinations administered by the same person to determine the underlying cause of ...

the present research aims to investigate and rank which affect and re affected by employees’ psychological empowerment in order to help organizations and their employees to be more committed to their jobs by accessing resources and feeling control and ownership and use initiative in their works in order to do works well so that their effectiveness and efficiency within organization will be impr...

erosion is one of the important social-economic problems in iraniancatchments that have been posed by surface water vastness and runoff production. so, thestudy of water resources, soil erosion and effective factors is of high importance. gullyerosion also extends in many parts of iran and its study particularly in viewpoint ofsediment yield is therefore very important and should be taken into ...

the knowledge of local and regional factors that affect effective solidwaste collection plays an important role in choosing appropriate technology. wastecollection has grown to become a major challenge demanding daily response from wastemanagers and it becomes inevitable to provide stakeholders with necessary information toaid key decision-making. this paper provides a comprehensive and detaile...

in recent years, the advancement of information and communication technologies and particularly rapid changes of mobile technologies lead to new applications and services. furthermore, the possibility of mobile service delivery will change its current applications. therefore, it is important to identify the user’s acceptance of mobile services; thus, it is necessary to determine the effective a...

Organic agriculture (OA) includes a comprehensive production management system that is considered as one of the strategies to reduce negative impacts of industrial agriculture in many countries. This research was identifying factors affecting the development of OA in Ardabil province. A descriptive– correlation survey approach was used in this study. Participants were agricultural specialists o...