so far, various romanization schemes have been proposed for capturing persian text using latin alphabet. however, each have served a very specific and yet limited function. this paper proposes an extended romanization scheme that can facilitate a wide range of encoding needed in the field of natural language processing. the proposed scheme endeavors to preserve both orthographic and phonologica...

     This study focuses on the effect of user-friendly, impersonal, and hybrid texts on the reading comprehension ability of Iranian foreign language learners. Forty-five students of AlzahraUniversity were selected on the basis of their performance in a recent TOEFL. They were given three different texts (each group of 15 students was given one type) describing the same area of English usage, w...

purpose: the present study seeks to explore the effects of general language proficiency, text readability, and medical knowledge on comprehending medical texts. material & method: 63 medical students in the second year of their study were randomly selected from the english language classes. they answered 100 multiple-choice questions on grammar and vocabulary to establish the level of language ...

Discussions concerning which literacy skills will be required of students in the 21st century have appeared in numerous educational publications recently and have been greeted with mixed reactions (Bellanca & Brandt, 2010; Trilling & Fadel, 2009). It has been proposed that the skills necessary to be a literate citizen in the new millennium have expanded from simply being able to read and write ...