background: natural methods of wastewater treatment, such as wetlands, are simple, cheap and acceptable for developing countries, especially small and remote cities. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of typha latifolica in subsurface flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment. methods: in this experimental research, the efficiency of typha latifolica in subsurface flow...

according to the former researcher’s presented relations for flow through rock-fill porous media, the effects of physical characteristics was not studied separately. hence, due to the application of these relations, physical characteristics of porous materials effect must be investigated separately. in various constructed physical models of porous media, the effect of several variables such as ...

Water obtained from any source may contain impurities induced by erosion, dissolved minerals, dissolved gases and material produced from organic matter decomposing. If the amount of these substances exceed a certain limit, not only the water would not be potable, but the water containing the material will not be suitable to be used in most applications, or at least before treatment cannot be ap...

in the present study, the microstructural changes of a nickel based superalloy nimonic80a during a non-isothermal deformation were studied. therefore, microstructure evolutionduring hot side pressing test was predicted with combined methods of finite element analysis andprocessing map of the material. the predicted results were validated through experimentalmicrostructural studies. the results ...

this paper proposes an optimal power flow (opf) algorithm by direct load control (dlc) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. the cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with dlc programs. the load curtailment cost is based ...

the hub location decision is a long term investment and any changes in it take considerable time and money. in real situations, some parameters are uncertain hence, deterministic models cannot be more efficient. the ability of two-stage stochastic programming is to make a long-term decision by considering effects of it in short term decisions simultaneously. in the two-stage stochastic programm...

This paper aims to evaluate and compare the effects of different methods of ramp metering on the operational conditions of traffic flow at three levels: the network level (including the freeway and its connected ramps), the entrance ramp, and the upstream segment of the entrance. To achieve this aim, one of the most important urban freeways in the metropolis of Isfahan was selected. The traffic...