objective(s) single injection of naloxone, a selective antagonist of morphine, prior to the drug conditioning testing was used to investigate on morphine dependence. materials and methods conditioning to morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) was established in adult male wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. nitric oxide agents were microinjected into the central amygdala prior ...

      Long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence and tolerance. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dex...

Introduction: Recently, it has been demonstrated that olive leaf extract and its main component have calcium channel blocker, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, the effects of olive leaf extract on opioid dependence have not yet been clarified. Methods: To develop morphine dependence, morphine was injected twice daily for 7 days according to an escalating dose in rats...

The effect of naloxone given at various times after morphine administration on the development of tolerance to and dependence on a single dose of morphine was studied. Naloxone antagonized the analgesic effect of morphine and the development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine, dose dependently. The time course of the development of tolerance to a single dose of morphine almost parallele...

background and aims: safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.)from asteraceae family has different biological activities including analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and neuroprotective effects. this study designed to evaluate its effect on naloxone -induced morphine withdrawal signs. methods: in this experimental study, male nmri mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 g...

effect of otostegia persica on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied in male mice. dependence was induced using daily subcutaneous injections of morphine for three days. morphine was injected to mice at doses of 30 and 45mg/kg on day 1 and 60 and 90mg/kg on day 2 (8:00 am and 6:00 pm). on day 3, morphine (90mg/kg) was injected 1h before oral administration and 1.5h before in...

introduction: n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance and physical dependence to opiates. activation of nmda receptors involves the induction of long term potentiation (ltp) in hippocampus. our previous study suggested that chronic oral administration of morphine enhanced nmda dependent ltp in the ca1 area of hippocampal slices of rats. the pres...

the effect of aqueous extract of nepata glomerulosa boiss. aerial parts on morphine withdrawal syndrome was investigated in mice. dependence was induced by subcutaneous injections of morphine for 3 consecutive days. on day 4, morphine was injected 2 h prior to intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. the number of jumps during a 20 min. period after naloxone injection was considered as a measure ...

Objective(s): This study investigated the role of locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1r) in the expression and development of morphine physical dependence by intra-LC administration of AMG9810 (selective TRPV1r antagonist) in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: For assessing the development of morphine dependence, AMG9810 (0.0...

Background: Exercise deprivation has been concluded to have some negative effects on psychological well-being. This study was conducted to find out whether exercise deprivation may lead to morphine dependence in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 162 ± 9 g were housed in clear plastic cages in groups of two under standard laboratory conditions. The study had two phases. In phase I, ...