This article, in order to improve the quality of urban spaces, wants to explain how ritual ceremonies, particularly Moharam and Safar mourning as an identity and cultural factor, interact with physical structure of urban space. The discussed problem, in this article, is to describe the nature of this Interaction in the past times and comprise it with the urban development plans. In this regard,...

Iran has been involved in development issues and planning for years. Yet, the top question which should antecede development planning is, “Who leads development planning?” The question may be paraphrased like this, “How are national development plans oriented and by who?” This study tries to analyze the present model of development in Iran and suggest another model to devise development plans. ...

Integration of assessment with planning process is one of the distinctive features of modern urban planning. In response to the need for comprehensive and integrated thinking, to evaluate and analyze complex and changing urban issues, assessment has become a basic issue in urban planning process aiming to explain the value of urban programs in terms of influencing urban development, formulate t...

heuristics are often used to provide solutions for flow shop scheduling problems.the performance of a heuristic is usually judged by comparing solutions and run times on test cases.this investigation proposes an analytical alternative ,called asymptotic convergence ,which tests the convergence of the heuristic to a lower bound as problem size grows. the test is a stronger variation of worst cas...

introruction khawf in(iran)-herat and mazaresharif and shirkhan bandar in (afghanistan)-dushanbe in (tajikistan)_(kirgizstan)-kashghar in(china) project railway network is under construction that it is as a significant corridor for revitalizing silk road corridor in the region .at the present there are three different gauge in the region central asia with 1,520 mm gauge and turkey-islamic repu...

    Urban planning has gone from the past to the present day to a greater extent based on physical factors, to the extent that the basis of urban planning plans and urban plans influenced urban development and physical spaces. It's The city is the product of complex economic and social relations and its spatial heterogeneity reflects the processes of widespread socio-economic-cultural-social ...

Improving the quality level of central areas of a city is among the major purposes of urban management and plans so that taking proper approaches could lead to revitalization of economic and social texture of such areas. Such an issue takes precedence when two factors are considered: first, the potential of such city textures in satisfying the current requirements of citizens has declined over ...