this study intends to investigate samuel beckett’s waiting for godot and endgame under the lacanian psychoanalysis. it begins by explaining the most important concepts of lacanian psychoanalysis. the beckettian characters are studied regarding their state of unconscious, and not the state of consciousness as is common in most beckett studies. according to lacan, language plays the sole role in ...

abstract:‎ literature is said beautiful words of poetry or prose that excites reader’s or listener’s feel. certainly, to ‎be effective, such a text should have certain characteristics. the four elements of the literature: thought, ‎imagination, emotion and style make a text to be literary and effective. emotion and imagination are ‎specific elements of literary texts, while thought and style a...

this study examines the influence of ferdowsi on malek-o-shoarâ bahâr’s poetry. accordingly, with a brief review of bahâr’s academic career and his studies of shâhnâme, these influences can be studied under three categories: 1. the praising of shâhnâme and ferdowsi; 2. the use of epic settings and descriptions; and 3. the application of the allusions of shâhnâme in his divan. examples of these ...

Mirza Ali Qoli Khoie, the famous illustrator of lithographic books of Qajar era, has presented interpretations of Hafiz poetry according to cultural and social needs of his own age in his illustrations. The lithographic Divan-e-Hafiz of 1269 AH is one of the first illustrated ones which was prepared to publish widely. Therefor the discursive positioning of Ali Qoli in this book is very importan...

colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of cultural constructs all over the world. english and english language teaching are at the center of the contemporary world. postcolonial literature, the genre achebe exercised, is a kind of historical text which has become central to different debates and criticisms. in this thesis, different elements related to the colonial...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

abstract: sayyed mohammad tabatabaee is accounted as one of the effective persons in iran contemporaneoushistory and his role in the events of iran constitution revolution is inevitable. sayyed mohammad tabatabaee from the time of naser al din shah qajar and arrival to iran, informed of the advantages and the basis of constitution, was in the thought of making the iran rule as a constituti...