Using older adults and dual-task interference, we examined performance on two social reasoning tasks: theory of mind (ToM) tasks and versions of the deontic selection task involving social contracts and hazardous conditions. In line with performance accounts of social reasoning, evidence from both aging and the dual-task method suggested that domain-general resources contribute to performance o...

In their discussion of young children's deontic reasoning performance, Astington and Dack (2013) made the following claims: (1) Children need more cues to elicit cogent social norm reasoning than adults require, namely, explicit reference to authority; (2) Deontic reasoning improves with age, and this is evidence against a nativist view; (3) All evolutionary explanations of deontic reasoning ad...

It is useful for an intelligent software agent to be able to adapt to new demands from an environment. Such adaptation can be viewed as a redesign problem; an agent has some original functionality but the environment demands an agent with a slightly different functionality, so the agent redesigns itself. It is possible to take a case-based approach to this redesign task. Furthermore, one class ...

Central to any task-based syllabus is the notion of complexity. Proponents of task-based language teaching (TBLT) have argued that tasks be sequenced according to their inherent cognitive complexity, partially because learner performance changes according to the complexity of the task. This exploratory study examines the effect of task complexity on the linguistic complexity of task performance...

most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. the puzzle test (pt) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. this test has been introduced first in 2009 by monajemi et al in the oly...

In a variety of reasoning tasks, even ones for which CBR seems ideally suited, a stand-alone CBR component may not prove adequate. First, the data available in system construction may be too raw or noisy for direct processing and may require sophisticated reasoning before it is in a form suitable for CBR. Second, capacity demands and other run-time constraints may prohibit a straight CBR module...

By the development of Semantic Web, increasing demands for vague information representation have triggered a mass of theoretical and applied researches of fuzzy ontologies, whose main logical infrastructures are fuzzy description logics. However, current tableau algorithms can not supply complete reasoning support within fuzzy ontology: reasoning with general TBox is still a difficult problem i...

Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning is based on socalled qualitative calculi. Algebraic properties of these calculi have several implications on reasoning algorithms. But what exactly is a qualitative calculus? And to which extent do the qualitative calculi proposed meet these demands? The literature provides various answers to the first question but only few facts about the second. In t...

Our study evaluates the moral reasoning skills of healthy and chronically ill 3 and 4 year olds with respect to illness and treatment, by use of an interview technique that reduces verbal demands on the child. We presented children with pairs of scenarios comparing ill characters with characters acting immorally and characters being punished, as well as with pairs of scenarios comparing treated...