abstract the present study is concerned with the syntactic deviation in hafezs poetry. poems are known to be accompanied with various linguistic deviations. these deviations may be phonological, morphological and/or syntactic. the relatively high frequency of the cases of the syntactic deviation in hafezs poems makes this rhetorical feature as a main characteristic of his poetry. this thesis, ...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of peers’ revision in comparison to that of the teacher, and whether peers’ comments and teachers’ comments facilitate students’ revision? if yes, which one is more effective? also attempts have been made to see which aspects of language are more highlighted by peers versus teachers when commenting. besides, it is investigating the student’s attitud...

this study investigated the effects of manipulating the cognitive complexity of tasks along +/- few elements and the time limits on l2 learners writing performance. to conduct the study, 60 iranian efl learners with two levels of proficiency, low and high intermediate, were selected and assigned to three groups based on the time devoted to task completion. the participants performed both a simp...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

according to coates’s (2004, as cited in zhang, 2010) definition of "conversational dominance" (p.111), it refers to the phenomenon of a speaker dominating others in interaction. specifically, it means how a speaker makes use of certain strategies to get the floor and maintain the floor. thus, the amount of talk is the main measurement for the dominance of the conversation. whether a speaker do...

the aim of this study is to examine the difference between the introverts and extroverts in preferred advice-giving style. furthermore, it explores the difference between l1 (persian) and l2 (english) regarding the giving of advice for the extroverts and introverts separately. it investigates whether an extrovert or introvert gives advice in the same manner in his l1 (persian) and l2 (english) ...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

teachers’ beliefs greatly influence their performance in the classroom, their choice of instructional strategies, their way of controlling the class, their dealing with the students, and their general goals and objectives. one of these beliefs is teachers’ sense of efficacy which is viewed as an important construct and has shown to be positively correlated with students’ achievement (ross, 1992...