Composite resins may undergo wear by the action of chemical substances (e.g., saliva, alcohol, bacterial acids) of the oral environment, which may affect the material's structure and surface properties. This study evaluated the effect of acidic substances on the surface properties of a micro-hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z-250). Eighty specimens were prepared, and baseline hardness and surface...

BACKGROUND Underground water is an important natural resource serving as a reliable source of drinking water for many people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Underground water quality needs to be given a primary research and quality control attention due to possible contamination. This study was therefore designed to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of bo...

Batch tests were conducted using four groundwater samples high levels of total hardness such as 600.17, 800.42, 1088.85 and 1278.38 mg/L as CaCO3, so as water is not suitable for several industries. The work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using powdered pseudoactivated carbon (PAC) prepared from wheat husk for the removal of water hardness and also to study of impact of sodium dodecyl sul...

The freshwater fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to Nickel in acidic medium pH = 6.0 (5.8-6.2), alkaline medium pH = 9.0 (8.8-9.2) and water hardness (40 mg/l) of CaCO3. The study indicates that nickel accumulation was significantly influenced by pH and hardness of water The concentration was found to be significantly higher at pH = 9.0 than at pH = 6.0. Also the presence of hardnes...

The physico-chemical properties of water and sediments therein were analyzed for assessing the suitability of Siddheshwar dam (India) waters for irrigation purpose. The physical parameters include total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. The chemical parameters studied include pH, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, phenolphthalein alkalinity, t...

Seasonal variation on physico-chemical quality of well water at Eloor industrial area, Kerala was studied. A total of 100 samples, 25 each during four different seasons, viz. summer, premonsoon, monsoon and post monsoon were collected during the year 2009 and analyzed for temperature, pH, total hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand, concentration of nitrate, fluoride, iron, heavy metals like lead, m...

The purpose of present study was to evaluate fluoride, nitrate, iron, manganese and total hardness in drinking water of wells and reservoirs in Fereidonkenar, Mazandaran, Northern Iran and compare the results with national and international standards. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on data during five years from the spring of 2008 until the autumn of 2013. Studies were p...