The search employed by judicial professionals when seeking for past similar legal decisions is known as jurisprudence research. Humans employ analogical reasoning when comparing a given actual situation with past decisions, noting the affinities between them. In the process of being reminded of a similar situation when faced to a new one, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems simulate analogical r...

This paper addresses nonlocal context effects in the interpretation of ambiguous utterances in natural language. We examine equivocation as a form of discourse ambiguity and demonstrate that nonlocal contexts can resolve ambiguity by providing a method for exploring the effects of global context. Of particular relevance is that the locus of ambiguity within the texts analyzed is within and acro...

in articles of 196,768 and 769, the iranian civil code, under influence of the french law (art.1121 civ. code) and imamieh's jurisprudence, without any explanation to the legal nature of the contract for the benefit of third party, has briefly allowed the contracting parties to create an obligation for the benefit of third party. this brevity caused an ambiguity in explaining of the relati...

While many errors in machine translated texts are due to word sense ambiguity, syntactical transfer still poses problems, too. For a particular type of syntactic structure, namely, subordinate clauses, this paper distinguishes five kinds of translation difficulties: crosslanguage differences, syntactic ambiguity, functional ambiguity, stylistic preferences, and grammatical coverage.

though the embryo donation is recognized as one of the methodsof infertility remedy, and the act of donation way of embryo to an infertile couple has been approved in iran, it seems that the act is imperfect in various fields, as an example the legal nature of embryo donation. there have been suggested various and sometimes contradictory interpretations on embryo donation. therefore, for remova...

This paper deals with valency frames for selected group of Czech verbs belonging to the domain of law. Starting with the lexical database VerbaLex we propose semantic roles for these verbs and formulate their Complex Valency Frames. The lexical database VerbaLex has been developed recently at the NLP Centre FI MU and contains approximately 10 500 Czech verbs. We integrate the proposed ’law’ val...

While many errors in machine translated texts are due to word sense ambiguity, syntactical transfer still poses problems, too. For a particular type of syntactic structure, namely, subordinate clauses, this paper distinguishes five kinds of translation difficulties: crosslanguage differences, syntactic ambiguity, functional ambiguity, stylistic preferences, and grammatical coverage.

Organizing legislative texts into a hierarchy of legal topics enhances the access to legislation. Manually placing every part of new legislative texts in the correct place of the hierarchy, however, is expensive and slow, and therefore naturally calls for automation. In this paper, we assess the ability of machine learning methods to develop a model that automatically classifies legislative tex...

This paper reports on initial experiments with automatic comma recovery in legal texts. In deciding whether to insert a comma or not, we propose to use the value of the probability of a bigram of two words without a comma and a trigram of the words with the comma. The probability is determined by the language model trained on sentences with commas labeled as separate words. In the training data...