The transport sector needs to go through an extended process of decarbonisation to counter the threat of climate change. Unfortunately, the International Energy Agency forecasts an enormous growth in the number of cars and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Two issues can thus be identified: (1) the need for a new methodology that could evaluate the policy performances ex-ante and (2) the need f...

This paper presents an overview of microsimulation as a method to evaluate health and health care policies and interventions. After presenting a brief survey of microsimulation models and applications we describe the main features of the approach and how these are implemented in practice. We pay particular attention to the innovative features of dynamic microsimulation as a method of ex-ante po...

Can the Pareto criterion guide policymakers who do not know the true model of the economy? If policymakers specify ex ante preferences for agents, then Pareto improvements from a distorted status quo are usually possible, and with more commodities than states, one can implement almost every Pareto optimum. Unlike the standard second welfare theorem, planners cannot dictate allocations: agents m...

to determine the coverage rate, timeliness and quality of ante-natal care in rural areas under the coverage of health houses in west azerbaijan province, 30 health houses (hh) were randomly selected out of 731 hh in the province. in each hh, using the method of lot quality assurance sampling (lqas) 28 women having recently born babies was selected. data were collected using check-list for facil...

The assessment of public adaptation policies, strategies and plans to evaluate progress, effectiveness long-term sustainability is challenging. potential develop an ex-post evaluation linked outcomes limited given the lack policy implementation globally uncertainty related when how impacts will happen. Ex-ante evaluations, by contrast, seem more feasible they focus on processes, contents output...