The development and management of an effective and efficient supply chain involve the selection of the suppliers. Only economic criteria, including cost and delivery, once used to be considered in the process of supplier selection. But, they do not suffice for the evaluation of suppliers anymore due to the rapidly changing environment, and different perspectives are needed to be considered. The...

We demonstrate five-dimensional anti-de Sitter black hole emerges as dual geometry holographic to weakly interacting N = 4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory. We first note that an ideal probe of the dual geometry is the Yang-Mills instanton, probing point by point in spacetime. We then study instanton moduli space at finite temperature by adopting Hitchin’s proposal that geometry of the moduli s...

We demonstrate five-dimensional anti-de Sitter black hole emerges as dual geometry holographic to weakly interacting N = 4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory. We first note that an ideal probe of the dual geometry is the YangMills instanton, probing point by point in spacetime. We then study instanton moduli space at finite temperature by adopting Hitchin’s proposal that geometry of the moduli sp...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) calculates the relative efficiency of homogenous decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. Classic DEA models usually suffer from several issues such as: discrimination power, variable weights of inputs/outputs, inaccurate efficiency estimation for small number of DMUs, incapability in working with zero and negative data, and not having exter...