The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. The receptor plays a critical role in cancer. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the IGF-1R, typically blocks ligand binding and enhances down-regulation of the cell-surface IGF-1R. Some MAbs such as cixutumumab are under clinical trial investigation. Targeting multiple distinct...

 ABSTRACT Background: The aims of this study were to assay the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and negative (MDA-MB468) breast cancer cell lines. Methods: MDA-MB468 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were cultured in complete medium, striped serum with and without 0.0 1~-LM diethylstilbestrol (DES), complete medium in the presence and absence of 111M ...

The present study describes the changes in expression of hydroxy- carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2 receptor) in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis of rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). 16 growing male Sprauge dawley rats were randomly divided into two equal groups consisting of normal control and rats that were rendered osteoporotic by receiving 0.1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone throu...

The nucleoside adenosine is present within cells and body fluids of all living organisms and its production, both intra- and extracellularly, is tightly coupled to energy consumption resulting in increased level of extracellular adenosine. The physiological effects of adenosine are mediated through four pharmacologically and biochemically distinct adenosine receptors (AR), i.e. A1, A2A, A2B and...

Ultrapotent chemogenetics, including the chloride-permeable inhibitory PSAM 4 -GlyR receptor, were recently proposed as a powerful strategy to selectively control neuronal activity in awake, behaving animals. We aimed validate function of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) ventral striatum. Activation with uPSEM 792 ligand enhanced rather than suppressed D1-MSNs vivo...

background: learning and memory are the most intensively studied subjects in neuroscience. two sites of mammalian brain which are important in learning and memory are ca1 region of hippocampus and purkinje cell layer of cerebellum. so, the aim of present investigation was to study of the effect of ovariectomy and passive avoidance learning on nr1 subunit of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor ...

The role of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of cancers have been reported by several studies. In our investigation we studied the effects of ascorbic acid, ?-tocopherol, and sodium selenite on proliferation of two breast cancer cell lines: T47D (estrogen-receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen-receptor negative). We also used 17-?-estradiol as positive control for proliferation of ...