introduction: many factors are related to the disability of subjects with chronic low back pain. fear-avoidance of injury and movement are the most important risk factors to increase the disability followed by decreased physical activity in these patients. the aim of current study was to compare the level of disability and fear-avoidance between two groups of low back pain patients with and wit...

backround and aim: in the present time, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs such as nonseroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid compounds are used for the releif of pain, but due to their side effects and economical issues, the significance of research on finding analgesic drugs with less side effects and their ability to substitute these synthetic drugs and substituting newer analgesic co...

objectives: low back pain is one of the main health problems which affect many people worldwide. the daily course of life is highly disrupted due to the chronic back pain problem. this study aims to explore the occupational performance of individuals with chronic low back pain. methods: fifteen people with chronic low back pain were included in this study using purposeful sampling. the particip...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

primarily opioidergic and adenosine mechanisms are considered to be involved in the antinociceptive effects of antidepressants. this study was designed to determine the efficacy of acute venlafaxine administration in alleviating symptoms of neuropathic pain and the role of endogenous adenosine and opioid systems in this effect of venlafaxine. we have evaluated the effect of caffeine, a non-sele...

background the prevalence of chronic postoperative pain after cardiac surgery has been reported from 17% to 56%. objectives we aimed to compare the prevalence of postoperative pain between patients who had undergone cabg using the internal mammary artery (ima) and those who had undergone other cardiac surgeries including cabg using the saphenous vein or cardiac valvular surgeries. patients and ...

introduction failed back surgery syndrome (fbss) is an increasing cause of chronic pain in most countries. this poses high costs to both patients and national health organizations. case presentation in this report, multimodal pain management based on daily high-dose oxycodone/naloxone (oxn 180/90 mg) led to reduced patient's pain score and improved quality of life. conclusions oxycodone/naloxon...