The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) followed by a large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 proteins. An additional HCV protein, the F protein, was recently suggested to result from a +1 frameshift by a minority of ribosomes that initiated translation at the HCV AUG initiator codon of the polyprotein. In the present ...

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) followed by a large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 proteins. An additional HCV protein, the F protein, was recently suggested to result from a 11 frameshift by a minority of ribosomes that initiated translation at the HCV AUG initiator codon of the polyprotein. In the present ...

This work demonstrates the expression of two different proteins (47 and 44 kDa) from the rat high-affinity neurotensin receptor cDNA, observed after both translation in vitro and transient transfection into eukaryotic COS-7 cells. These two proteins are the consequence of two initiation sites of translation present in the corresponding mRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the 47 kDa p...

Synonymous codons encode the same amino acid, but differ in other biophysical properties. The evolutionary selection of codons whose properties are optimal for a cell generates the phenomenon of codon bias. Although recent studies have shown strong effects of codon usage changes on protein expression levels and cellular physiology, no translational control mechanism is known that links codon us...

Synonymous mutations do not alter the protein produced yet can have a significant effect on protein levels. The mechanisms by which this effect is achieved are controversial; although some previous studies have suggested that codon bias is the most important determinant of translation efficiency, a recent study suggested that mRNA folding at the beginning of genes is the dominant factor via its...

for high-throughput production of recombinant protein in escherichia coli ( e. coli ), besides important parameters such as efficient vector with strong promoter and compatible host, other important issues including codon usage, rare codons, and gc content specially at n-terminal region should be considered. in the current study, the effect of decreasing the percentage of gc nucleotides and opt...

The X circular code is a set of 20 trinucleotides (codons) that has been identified in the protein-coding genes most organisms (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, plasmids, viruses). It shown previously important mathematical property being an error-correcting code. Thus, motifs code, i.e. series codons belonging to and called motifs, allow identification maintenance reading frame genes. are signif...