over the two last decades, distribution companies have been aware of the importance of paying attention to the all aspects of a distribution system simultaneously to be successful in the global market. these aspects are the economic, the environmental, the social and the safety aspects. in the vehicle routing problem (vrp) literature, the economic issue has often been used, while the environmen...

Structural concrete exposed to marine environment deserves special attention as the diffused sea salts chemically react with harden cement matrix and forms various expansive/leachable compounds leading to loss of material, strength, cracking, spalling etc. This study cover the effect of sea water on the specimens cast from two grades of concrete exposed to simulated marine environment over a ye...

During centuries, humans have changed their environment into a Perspective of cultural heritage using tact and wisdom. These perspectives that show the legacy of human civilization, have established a long cultural relationship via safety international pathways. Hence, Investing for maintenance of critical infrastructures which is the safe way, seems to be necessary. The main problem is not the...

the vital need for river management is understood and predict of bank erosion processes. almost models will not be able to evaluate bank erosion,accurately. bstem model is the most usable model in many of river engineering projects in the world. necessary data for this model are related to driving and resisting forces controlled by hydraulic and geotechnical processes. these data include geomet...