This paper proposes to test the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth by including the impact of the share of military and civilian components of government expenditure in an economic growth model with endogenous technology. In this framework, we empirically consider the hypothesis of a nonlinear effect of military expenditure on economic growth. The comparison between c...

Middle East is a strategic region because of its abundant oil reserves, hostile struggles among the countries, and threat of the radical groups. The countries of this region spend a large amount of their annual budgets on buying weapons and war armaments. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of military expenditures on economic growth of oil and non-oil Middle East countries by a dy...

if we consider the starting of achaemenian empire in 559 bc, the year that cyrus, the second, came to power and its ending in 332 bc, the year that iran was conquered by alexander, the macedonian, in these 227 years of military and political development of achaemenian empire, some of the nations and countries for example egypt, within achaemenian territory came under iranian military, economic ...

The relation between economic growth and military resource allocations is complex. On the one hand, more rapid growth and a larger gross domestic product (GDP) increases resources available for military spending. On the other hand, larger allocations for military purposes may slow economic growth, to the extent that such allocations reduce non-military capital formation. Moreover, the scale of ...

Congress created the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) (previously known as the Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program) in 1992 during the Persian Gulf war to integrate specialized traumatic brain injury (TBI) care, research, and education across the military and veteran medical care systems [1]. TBI is a major cause of civilian and military death and disability among Americans...