Kazakhstan has ranked consistently poorly on measures of property rights protection, and rule of law more generally (Heritage Foundation, 2015). Echoing these evaluations, existing literature emphasizes the degree to which informal institutions shape property relations in personalist, authoritarian regimes, including Kazakhstan; the expectation is that formal institutions like law and courts fa...

AIM The spatial structure of a population can strongly influence the dynamics of infectious diseases, yet rarely is the underlying structure quantified. A case in point is plague, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Plague dynamics within the Central Asian desert plague focus have been extensively modelled in recent years, but always with strong uniformity as...

Since the Republic of Kazakhstan gained independence, it developed market relations and established private property as leading type ownership. Such fundamental changes required corresponding in system law, including family law. However, such reforms often depend on mindset, legal culture, traditions that have society. In Kazakhstan, practice concluding marriage contracts (which govern between ...

Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are the causative agents of sheep pox and goat pox, and with lumpy skin disease virus make up the genus Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. Sheep pox and goat pox are endemic in Africa north of the Equator, the Middle East and Asia, while some parts of Europe have experienced outbreaks recently. Countries that reported outbreaks of the disease ...

conclusions this study showed that hiv-infected patients with jobs enjoy a great deal of acceptance from the people around them and a higher quality of life in general. it also led to suggestions for further study with the purpose of finding more effective solutions for hiv prevention and better strategies for dealing with psychological disorders. such research could also help in providing an e...

BACKGROUND An economic value calculation was performed to estimate the lifetime net present value of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. METHODS Net lifetime tax revenues were used to represent governmental benefits accruing from a hypothetical cohort of an IVF population born in 2009 using the methodology of generational accounting. Governmental expenses related...

  The process of the collapse USSR, which began under leadership Baltic countries, ended with declaration independence countries its rule in 1991. Kazakhstan, has been mosaic USSR for more than 70 years, declared sovereignty on October 25, 1990, and December 16, In elections held 1, 1991, Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected first President independent Kazakhstan. country to recognize it Repub...

The proliferation of science and technology has resulted in an amplified impact the media on formation state's image. To some extent, image is reflected news coverage provided by international media. As Kazakhstan's comprehensive national strength continues to grow, its status improve, country garnered increased attention from foreign aim research examine Kazakhstan analyzing portrayal abovemen...