The process of erosion and desertification affects social communities, agricultural lands and natural resources in coastal areas. The rapid coastline changes would cause social and economic issues in the coastal areas. In this study, Miankaleh coasts and the eastern coastlines of Amirabad port have been surveyed due to existing benchmarks since June 2013 until December 2015 in order to analyze ...

Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) is one of the best and most efficient systems for emergency. The systems have been developed to provide mariners global communications and locating network. This system includes land stations for all INMARSAT services to reporting at sea, and so far using this communication system, in marine emergency situations has helped rescue thousands of lives...

The Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and the Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) are two common types of US Naval units consisting of multiple ships traveling as a group. All vessels within the CSG/ESG transmit and receive data via satellite, even when those vessels are within radio frequency line of sight (RFLOS). Within the CSG/ESG, satellite communications (SATCOM) are clearly necessary for vessels w...

ince 1992, the Strategic Systems Department of the Applied Physics Laboratory has been investigating the use of high-frequency (HF) ground wave transmissions in the upper HF band for sea-based communications. This effort has examined the optimization of shipboard antennas for two-way communications with ground stations. This article describes early tests using differential Global Positioning Sy...

The primary long-term goal is to measure and model high-frequency acoustic propagation in the presence of surface gravity waves and breaking waves to better understand the effects of surface reverberation on shallow water, underwater acoustic communications (ACOMS). Secondary long-term goals are to exploit measurements of breaking wave noise to infer bubble cloud populations at the sea surface ...

Figure 1 Device to Device communication between UE1 and UE2 as an underlay to a cellular network. Figure 2 D2D communications using cellular uplink band (D2D-UL) (a), D2D communications using cellular downlink band (D2D-DL) (b). The red lines indicate the interference and green lines indicate the