in iran we already use laminate tubes only in cosmetics industry. laminate tube manufacturers via using the most modern technology of the world, faced with the laminate tube market being saturated in cosmetics industry for packaging the cosmetic creams and toothpaste. but considering the great food market and therefore laminate tube features such as beautiful packaging, ease of use for the fina...

acknowledge the importance of e-commerce to their countries and to survival of their businesses and in creating and encouraging an atmosphere for the wide adoption and success of e-commerce in the long term. the investment for implementing e-commerce in the public sector is one of the areas which is focused in government‘s action plan for cross-disciplinary it development and e-readiness in go...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

reinsurance is widely recognized as an important instrument in the capital management of an insurance company as well as its risk management tool. this thesis is intended to determine premium rates for different types of reinsurance policies. also, given the fact that the reinsurance coverage of every company depends upon its reserves, so different types of reserves and the method of their calc...

the present study was concerned with exploring the frequency and linguistic focus of corrective feedback types given by novice and experienced female teachers working with young learners and compared it with those of elementary classes for adults. moreover, it aimed at measuring learners’ acknowledgement of teachers’ corrective feedback in the form of uptake in relation to linguistic coverage o...

during the process of reading, sometimes learners use ineffective and inefficient strategies and some factors may influence their use of strategies. perhaps critical thinking is one of these factors. this study aims to identify those categories of reading strategies that are mostly used by iranian efl learners and to see if there is any significant relationship between the critical thinking abi...

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

abstract since heubners (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages. the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same cen...

increasing academic and professional language demands around the world are not a deniable fact. the purpose of this study was to investigate english language needs and communication needs of the chemistry students at master and ph.d. levels at the iranian universities. in this research, different methods were used including un-structured interview, structured interview, and two sets of question...

the central purpose of this study was to conduct a case study about the role of self monitoring in teacher’s use of motivational strategies. furthermore it focused on how these strategies affected students’ motivational behavior. although many studies have been done to investigate teachers’ motivational strategies use (cheng & d?rnyei, 2007; d?rnyei & csizer, 1998; green, 2001, guilloteaux & d?...