energy consumption has been essential to societies; because societies depend on the rising provisions of energy to meet their requirements for goods and services and endorse sustainable development. the major source of energy nowadays is oil; oil consumption is dependent on oil availability, production and price. several arab countries are considered as major suppliers of oil in the world; cons...

i n addition to labor force and capital, energy plays a significant role in the production of commodities and services. energy is the driving force of production activities. therefore, it is an essential ingredient of growth and development. results obtained from this paper show that the growth of oil products consumption has a positive effect on economic development via two channels: firstly, ...

Decisions can be taken to increase energy efficiency and to mitigate the emissions to the environment by examining the energy audit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint of crop production in different ways and in different regions, with comparable principles. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices of tomatoes production in four regions of Iran including East Azerbaijan...

Abstract I n this paper, the behavior of the real oil price and OPEC and non-OPEC oil production during 1973-2013 are modelled. Interactions among OPEC, non-OPEC oil production, global oil consumption, and the real price of crude oil are estimated using a Structural VAR model (SVAR). After providing evidence for the structural breaks in oil price in 1996, the results indicate that, ac...

This work explores the historical effectiveness of efficiency improvements in reducing mankind’s impact on the earth. Ten activities are analyzed, including pig iron production, aluminum production, nitrogen fertilizer production, electricity generation from coal, oil, and natural gas, freight rail travel, passenger air travel, motor vehicle travel, and refrigeration. The data and analyses pres...