data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

the skill of reading in english as a foreign language is an important and challenging one which is affected both by linguistic and extra linguistic factors. since vocabularies are part and parcel of every reading comprehension text, knowing enough vocabulary always facilitates this process. however, guessing strategy as one of the most important strategies has consistently ignored by language l...

Scientific personality of Ibn al-Walid and his effect on succeeding scholars indicate of his prominent status and imply researchers’ need to overview and investigate his points of view. The present article is an introduction of Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan Ibn al-Walid and his works and a report of his perspectives in different issues. Employing a library method and descriptive-analytic approach, the ...

The Mosibat Nāmah written by ‘Attār Nishabouri (553-627 A.H.) is the narrative of a spiritual journey in the form of a mathnavi (a story in rhyming verse). The device of spiritual journey has been also used by the poet in another work of his, The Manteq al-Tayr (The Conference of Birds). Both works have a similar ending, although narratives are different. Among the narrative elements of The Mo...

the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

abstract abstract of thesis (includes summary, goals, execution methods, and results) story “al-obnosat al-bayza” is one of the short stories from “hanna mineh” collection. this story is a selection of lives of some humans during a voyage together, each of them is a symbol of human nature (love, mind, kindness) and examine social, cultural, and political aspects of governing system, and it...

It is evident that observing the religious and social norms often leads to more order in different affairs of life and the development of the society, especially in its scientific, cultural and economic institutions. Every society or group has its special principles, laws, customs and conventions to maintain relationships among each other and to exercise their individual and social affairs,...

The purpose of this study was development and validation the Well-Being Questionnaire based on the wisdom of Nahj al-Balagha. The method of this research was descriptive. Accordingly, based on a predefined psychological well-being model, 74 items were formulated and approved by three experts from the Nahj al-Balagha field. The statistical population of this study was all adults aged 20 to 50 ye...