An outer-independent double Italian dominating function (OIDIDF)on a graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ is a function$f:V(G)longrightarrow {0,1,2,3}$ such that if $f(v)in{0,1}$ for a vertex $vin V(G)$ then $sum_{uin N[v]}f(u)geq3$,and the set $ {uin V(G)|f(u)=0}$ is independent. The weight ofan OIDIDF $f$ is the value $w(f)=sum_{vin V(G)}f(v)$. Theminimum weight of an OIDIDF on a graph $G$ is cal...

Abstract Much of the analysis of international norms has focused on norm diffusion at the systemic level. This study argues that such analyses based on neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism, and constructivism have two major shortcomings. One is that they pay much attention to successful cases of norm diffusion but neglect failed ones. The other is that they fail to examine the linkage betwee...

The generic-level taxa included in Pterostichini and Loxandrini from New Caledonia are reviewed and a key to genera and species provided. Two new genera are described, Paniestichus and Abacophrastus, with the following new species: Paniestichus subsolianus, Abacophrastus millei, Abacophrastus chapes, Abacophrastus carnifex, Abacophrastus hobbit, Abacophrastus megalops, Abacophrastus reflexus an...

The novel All the Light We Cannot See by contemporary American novelist Anthony Doerr, which won 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. From perspective of neorealism, this paper analyzes different living environments and ways growth redemption Werner Marie-Laure. At same time, it reveals survival difficulties people during war thus anti-human destructive nature war.

Phylogeographic patterns of temperate species from the Mediterranean peninsulas have been investigated intensively. Nevertheless, as more phylogeographies become available, either unique patterns or new lines of concordance continue to emerge, providing new insights on the evolution of regional biotas. Here, we investigated the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the Italian crested newt...