Introduction: Ethical decision-making by nursing managers is influenced by various essential factors, such as courage, without which it is impossible to act on them. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing managers about courage in ethical decision-making. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in Iran by a qualitative content analysis approach in 201...

Background: Stewardship, resource generation, financing, and providing services are the 4 main functions in any health system. Using intelligence and common sense in making policies and decisions is a subcomponent of the stewardship. The present study aimed at designing a model that provides better access to the stakeholders’ wisdom.    Methods: This was a qualitative study in ...

If, according to Gaetano Mosca, the Italian social thinker, we define elites as individuals and groups, that, as a result of the power they gain, they plan idea and, as a result of that, make decisions that are effective in the community action; thus, at the macro and national levels, the elites and experts of each country are considered as the most important and valuable treasure of the countr...

Background Despite the significant role “values” play in decision-making no definition or attributes regarding the concept have been provided in health policy-making. This study aimed to clarify the defining attributes of a concept of value and its irrelevant structures in health policy-making. We anticipate our findings will help reduce the semantic ambiguities associated with the use of “valu...

Policy makers make policy decisions, which affect the utility of private citizens. The traditional explanation for government intervention in the economy is the existence of market failure. Nevertheless, despite public policy interventions, the economy may fail to reach the efficient frontier. Hence, unless we suppose that efficient policies are not feasible (second and third best arguments), w...

Agroparks offer in theory a variety of economic advantages and environmental benefits. Since agropark projects are typically capital intensive and with high societal impact, appraisal from lenders and policy makers will play a key role in the realisation of the concept. In practice, however, project appraisal is hampered by the complexity of the concept and the multitude of risks. In this paper...

Background & Objctives: With regard to unclear government approach in the insurance sector, multiplicity of rules, high share of households, improper population coverage and lack of cost-effective interventions, this study aimed to analyze the current status of basic health insurance in Iran and its distance from the desirable  status according to upstream documents. In addition, we attempted t...