This article describes the results on the existence of optimal and nearly optimal policies for Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with total expected discounted rewards. The problem of optimization of total expected discounted rewards for MDPs is also known under the name of discounted dynamic programming.

optimal allocation of water resources is an essential service in agriculture that must be considered by farmers. one of the most significant factors in optimal allocation of water resources in agriculture is to define optimal farm cropping pattern. in this study, in order to determine optimal cropping pattern and water resources allocation in central district of mashhad city (toos village), the...

the optimal cropping pattern for sistan water resources management was determined through a goal programming technique within the gams programming environment. results showed that the optimum cultivation area and net profit of the agricultural sector in the sistan region could increase up to 18.1 and 39.8%, respectively, compared to the current status. an increase in the farm irrigation efficie...

 Sequence dependent set-up times scheduling problems (SDSTs), availability constraint and transportation times are interesting and important issues in production management, which are often addressed separately. In this paper, the SDSTs job shop scheduling problem with position-based learning effects, job-dependent transportation times and multiple preventive maintenance activities is studied. ...