In the last decade, overt attention under natural conditions became a prominent topic in neuroscientific and psychological research. In this context, one central question is "what guides the direction of gaze on complex visual scenes?" In the present review recent research on bottom-up influences on overt attention is presented first. Against this background, strengths and limitations of the bo...

The current study was an attempt to investigate the relationship among L2 Motivational Self-System, Reading Comprehension Ability, and Gender of Iranian EFL Learners. 70 participants of both male and female at intermediate level at Shokooh Institute in Kashmar-Iran were randomly selected. The instruments of the study were a L2 motivational self-system questionnaire by Yan(2011), and a reading c...

Objectives: Some studies have recognized factors that are effective on academic achievement. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship among personality factors, motivational strategies and achievement goals in predicting academic achievement of 2nd grade high school intellectually disabled students in Tehran Province. Methods: In present correlation study, 200 intellect...

How does traumatic stress change the ability to motivate oneself to achieve certain goals? How do motivational abilities influence the development and course of trauma sequelae? Few studies have focused on motivational constructs within posttraumatic stress research. From a trauma research perspective, it can be hypothesized that traumatic stress may contribute to motivational dysfunction. The ...

Second Language System of Motivational Selves and English Language Skills: The Role of Socio-Economic Status among Iranian Language Learners1 A. Parastaar Aski* M.H. Abdollaahi, Ph.D.** A. R. Moraadi, Ph.D.*** H. R. Hassanaabaadi, Ph.D.****   Learning English in Iran is quite popular, yet not all are successful at this task. To shed light on this dilemma and its root causes, the ro...

Physical education teachers can influence students’ self-determination through the motivational strategies they use. In this study, the authors examined the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of class average self-determination, the teachers’ self-determination, and their reported use of 3 motivational strategies: autonomy support, structure, and involvement. They examined the relations...

People base their decisions not only on their own self-interest but also on the interests of close others. Generally, the personal self has primacy in the motivational hierarchy in the Western culture. A recent study found that friends have the same motivational hierarchy as the personal self in the Eastern collectivist culture. Remaining unknown is whether the motivational hierarchy of the per...