In 1997, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan launched a comprehensive reform initiative aimed at transforming the Organization into a more effective, modernized and relevant instrument in the service of the international community. In the management area, he proposed shifting from programme budgeting to results-based budgeting (RBB). This was a significant shift in budgeting...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to develop, apply and evaluate an economics-based framework to assist commissioners in their management of finite resources for local dental services. In April 2006, Primary Care Trusts in England were charged with managing finite dental budgets for the first time, yet several independent reports have since criticised the variability in commissioning skills w...

Equity marginal q is the change in market value of a company’s equity in conjunction with a oneunit unexpected change in its asset base. Hence, it is a profitability index that evaluates a firm’s capital budgeting decisions at the margin. In this paper, we estimate the equity marginal q for real estate-managing public corporations, namely, real estate investment trusts (REITs), in an attempt to...

This paper proposed PBMA (Priority Based Multiple Access) and PBMA-TC (Priority Based Multiple Access with Throughput Control) for mobile communication to meet user’s demands. We define the priority according to the waiting time, which includes request access time and waiting time at Request Table. We assumed two grades of priority, high priority and low priority. The former is corresponds to t...