We develop a price competition model for a new supply chain that competes in a market comprised of some rival supply chains. The new supply chain has one risk-neutral manufacturer and one risk-averse retailer in which the manufacturer is a leader and retailer is a follower. The manufacturer pays a fraction of the risk cost (caused by demand uncertainty) to the retailer. We apply this competitiv...

In this study, the implications of the government’s tariffs on optimal pricing decisions in a dual-channel SC with one manufacturer and one retailer by taking into account the retailer services are examined. First, the best response strategies of retailer and manufacturer have obtained following the government’s tariffs by using a Stackelberg game model. Then, the government problem has modeled...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.09.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 35742653; fax: E-mail address: [email protected] (U.-P. Wen This study considers pricing policies in a supply chain with one manufacturer, who sells a product to an independent retailer and directly to consumers through an Internet channel. In addition to the manu...

This study proposes a novel option-revenue sharing coordination contract framework. In the proposed model, the retailer determines the number of order sales effort. The manufacturer sets the price of products for the wholesale strategy. The investigated supply chain problem analyzes the results of different strategies. In the proposed coordination contract problem, two types of games including ...

OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate the price and quality of "branded" and branded-generic equivalents of some commonly used medicines manufactured by the same pharmaceutical company in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS FIVE COMMONLY USED MEDICINES: alprazolam, cetirizine, ciprofloxacin, fluoxetine, and lansoprazole manufactured in branded and branded-generic versions by the same company were select...

Recommender systems that inform consumers about their likely ideal product have become the cornerstone of eCommerce platforms that sell products from competing manufacturers. Using a model of an electronic marketplace in which two competing manufacturers produce substitutable products and sell the products through a common retail platform, we study the e ect of recommender systems on the market...

The conflict between the manufacturer and the retailer except the double marginalization is an important issue in order to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain. In the general case of the non-linear stochastic demand which also is affected by the sales effort of the retailer, this paper designs a new buy-back contract to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain. On the base of developing th...

In this paper, we study return policy and supply chain coordination in a channel of one supplier and one retailer. The paper assumes that unsold merchandise should been refunded to the supplier by the retailer. The retailer knows the cost of reverse logistics operations but the supplier has to estimate it. The contract menu under asymmetric reverse logistics cost information between supply chai...

We study the effects of credit risk in a supply chain where one retailer deals with competing risky suppliers who may default during their production lead-times. The suppliers, who compete for business with the retailer by establishing wholesale prices, are leaders in a Stackelberg game with the retailer. The retailer, facing uncertain future demand, chooses order quantities while weighing the ...

With the release of national energy-saving emission reduction policy and improvement consumers’ awareness environmental protection, demand for low-carbon products is growing rapidly. In a retailer-led supply chain, increased cost carbon puts manufacturers at disadvantage. Under quota policy, to improve manufacturers’ profits as well enhance reduction, this paper studies players’ decisions in ch...