BACKGROUND Most of the academic teachers use four or five options per item of multiple choice question (MCQ) test as formative and summative assessment. Optimal number of options in MCQ item is a matter of considerable debate among academic teachers of various educational fields. There is a scarcity of the published literature regarding the optimum number of option in each item of MCQ in the fi...

BACKGROUND The Script Concordance Test (SCT) has not been reported in summative assessment of students across the multiple domains of a medical curriculum. We report the steps used to build a test for summative assessment in a medical curriculum. METHODS A 51 case, 158-question, multidisciplinary paper was constructed to assess clinical reasoning in 5th-year. 10-16 experts in each of 7 discip...

Combining formative and summative evaluations could improve assessment. Cognitive diagnosis modeling (CDM) has been proposed as a tool for diagnosing students’ strengths weaknesses in However, there is no user-friendly software to implement it. For this reason, Shiny app, FoCo, developed (https://foco.shinyapps.io/FoCo/), conduct CDM classical test theory analyses. The responses from 86 undergr...

The development and evaluation of eLearning approaches is a global trend in higher education today. This study aimed to develop companion toolkit consisting formative summative assessment scales evaluate academics’ experiences designing, delivering, evaluating eLearning. To test the psychometric properties toolkit, an instrument validation was conducted. Items were created, then tested for cont...

Summative evaluation is often associated with more objective, quantitative methods of data collection. Summative evaluation is linked to the evaluation drivers of accountability. It is recommended to use a balance of both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to get a better understanding of what your project has achieved, and how or why this has occurred. Using qualitative methods of d...