The paper compares British and US government policy initiatives to combat financial exclusion and promote community reinvestment. Financial exclusion, a general term for those who lack financial products, is concentrated in a small number of deprived urban areas in larger cities that are also starved of private sector investment. British policies, though they have drawn on US experience, predom...

Banks and other financial intermediaries tend to specialize in market segments where they exercise a competitive advantage. Whereas specialization facilitates banks to benefit from market conditions or their expertise, specialization may be accompanied by concentration of resources in counterparties, regions, industry sectors, or business products, compromising banks’ diversification of their s...

Over the last decade, the structure and performance of Canadian financial institutions has undergone a profound transformation. Propelled by both regulatory changes and market innovations, Canadian financial institutions have found their historically protected markets opened to intense competition from a variety of different sources. The most significant regulatory change has been the piecemeal...

Managing business process compliance is an important topic in the financial sector. Various scandals and the financial crisis have caused many new constraints and legal regulations that banks and financial institutions have to face. Based on a domain-specific semantic business process modeling notation we propose generic process compliance business rules that serve as a first step towards the i...

Banks are the financial institutions accepting deposits from the people and lending to the needy people, areas and regions for various purposes. Banking industry can be divided into two types of banks— Islamic and conventional banks. The operations of conventional banks are based on interest (sood/riba) and therefore interest constitutes the main source of earnings of these banks. While on the ...

Banks are the financial institutions that collect assets from various sources and allocate them to the sectors that require liquidity. Therefore, banks are an inherent element in the system of every country. As private banks enter financial markets, the demand for diverse banking services increases dramatically. Banks seek to use various techniques to improve their performance in attracting cus...

The performance and effectiveness of financial institutions are important considerations for policy-makers concerned about economic growth. Growth, after all, is heavily dependent on investment, and a significant fraction of all investment flows through financial institutions. Furthermore, incidences of financial instability in some countries have shown that poor financial policies can have ser...

This paper studies contagion and market freezes caused by uncertainty in financial network structures and provides theoretical guidance for central banks. We establish a formal model to demonstrate that, in a financial system where financial institutions are interconnected, a negative shock to an individual financial institution could spread to other institutions, causing market freezes because...