Ritual poetry is a poem committed to and influenced by religious, theological and moral teachings and rich in Islamic teachings, which is in the service of religious values. Considering the religious atmosphere in Kashan and its social and cultural status, it can be said that ritual poetry in Kashan is an important part of poetic literature and many Kashani poets have been active in this field....

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

there has been a gradual shift of focus from the study of rule systems, which have increasingly been regarded as impoverished, … to the study of systems of principles, which appear to occupy a much more central position in determining the character and variety of possible human languages. there is a set of absolute universals, notions and principles existing in ug which do not vary from one ...

abstract the aim of this study was threefold: (1) to investigate the relationship between knowledge of semantic prosody and efl learners general language proficiency; (2) to examine the relationship between qualitative as well as quantitative knowledge of words, and (3) to compare the performance of efl learner on receptive and productive measures of semantic prosody. the study is based on a...

this thesis examines the significances and implications of inflicted physical pain in waiting for the barbarians (1980) by john maxwell coetzee (1940 - ). the researcher tries to show how body becomes a site for exercising violence. in this way, the government’s representatives turn bodies of the barbarians into blank pages through torturing in order to create the truth of the empire. in this p...

The Ziloo, as an ancient Iranian hand-woven textile, expresses its own history in its varied and rich motifs. This variation and richness are especially discernible in Mehrab (Saf) design Ziloos from Maybod, especially made as floor coverings in mosques. Because of this close connection with the mosque as a sacred and religious location, it has assumed a symbolic religious meaning and is consid...