Electrical double layer expansion (CDLE) has been proposed as a promising alternative to reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) processes for extracting osmotic power generated by the salinity difference between freshwater and seawater. The performance of the CDLE process is sensitive to the configuration of porous electrodes and operation parameters for ion extractio...

Positively charged (cetylpyridinium chloride), negatively (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and non-charged (polyethylene glycol) surfactants are used as potential foulant in reverse electrodialysis systems supplying seawater river freshwater. Fouling tendency of the foulants to ion-exchange membranes is investigated terms adsorption by electromigration, electrostatic attraction, macromolecule interact...

Endosulfan (ES) is a micropollutant found in reverse osmosis concentrates from water reuse applications. Electrodialysis (ED) can remove and recover charged solutes from such concentrates. While polar compounds cannot normally be removed, their fate in ED is important as they can contribute to membrane fouling/poisoning and be released during cleaning. High adsorption of ES to ED membranes was ...

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been criticized considerably for possible rank reversal phenomenon caused by the addition or deletion of an alternative. While in many cases this is a perfectly valid phenomenon, there are also many cases where ranks should be preserved. Our findings indicate that using the geometric mean reduces the variance in ratings substantially; hence, yielding lower i...