In fiscal year 1984, public social welfare expenditures’ reached $672.0 billion, an increase of 4.7 percent over the amount spent by Federal, State, and local governments in 1983. Measured in constant (1984) dollars, the increase was only 0.5 percent more than the previous year’s amount and was the lowest real increase since 1978-79. Public welfare spending represented 18.2 percent of the gross...

BACKGROUND Many studies have examined childhood and adolescent obesity, but few have examined young adults and the effect of their home and current living environments on prevalence rates. The present study explores contextual factors affecting overweight and obesity among university students in China and, in particular, focuses on how the SES-obesity relationship varies across different geogra...

Health expenditure growth is projected to moderate considerably during 1983-90, reaching $660 billion in 1990 and consuming over 11 percent of the gross national product. During 1973-83, spending for health care more than tripled, increasing from $103 billion to $355 billion and moving from 7.8 percent to 10.8 percent of the gross national product. Government spending for health care is project...

Although growing more slowly than in recent years, spending for health continued to account for an increasing share of the Nation's gross national product. In 1983, spending for health amounted to 10.8 percent of the gross national product, or $1,459 per person. Public programs financed 40 percent of all personal health care spending. Medicare and Medicaid expended $91 billion in benefits, 29 p...

There is a degree of uncertainty in the measurement and/or validation of national and sub-national economic data such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In some circumstances it can be very useful to have alternative measures of numbers like GDP to provide evidence for the validation or invalidation of claims of some nations or regions regarding their economic productivity. This research explores...

in this paper, the importance of environmental degradation costs in national accounts is discussed, empirical studies having been considered by politician and economic planners before. the importance of a determination of relationship between economic growth vs. openness to trade is also discussed. the main objective followed in an investigation of the relationship between trade openness, green...

China’s economy is going through a major transition, characterized by a slower growth rate, a structural shift to the tertiary (service) sector, and industrial deleveraging—a process to reduce overcapacity that has built up in key industrial sectors over the past decades. Given the uncertainties that China is facing during its current economic transition, it is important to examine whether futu...