A large proportion of the world’s population relies on medicines from the herbal sources. In this review, data about the mineral element content of medicinal and aromatic plants, including major elements, trace elements and toxic heavy metals, will be discussed and compared. Plants and drugs with remarkable elemental compositions will be pointed out. The main focus will be given on plants used ...

Iran has suffered ever-increasing domestic energy consumption, mostly because of its long-standing price control policy. To decelerate this trend, Iran began a reform on its energy subsidy system in December 2010. This paper examines the inflationary impact of the energy subsidy reform on different Iranian non-energy sectors and urban and rural households by making an updated input–output...

Many different agents, including mineral oil and silicone, have the capacity to act as immunological adjuvants, i.e., they can contribute to the activation of the immune system. Some adjuvants, including mineral oil, are known to induce arthritis in certain strains of rats after intradermal injection or percutaneous application. The aim of this study was to determine if common commercial cosmet...

One of the topics after two decades of applying import substitution policy in Iran manufacturing sector is the importance of industrial export expansion and foreign relations. The main impetus to this policy transfer is the market expansion and potential gains of exploiting the economies of scale and technical upgrades. Based on this argument this research estimates the efficient scale and gain...