in this thesis protic and aprotic ammonium-based ionic liquids were synthesized and their surface tensions were measured in the range of 298-373k. the protics are alkyl ammonium-based ils with the carboxylate (formate, acetate, propionate) anion and aprotics are quaternary ammonium-based ils with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. capillary rise method was used for surface tension measure...

The current experiment was carried out to study the effect of several media including sand, sand+cocopeat, sand+perlite, cocopeat+perlite and sand+cocopeat+perlite on rooting quality of stem cuttings in weeping bottlebrush plant (Callistemon viminalis). The study was done during the late August of 2010. Statistical design was completely randomized with three replications. After wounding the bot...

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is the only vegetable crop of significance among Malvaceae family and is commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Mutation induction has been accepted as a useful tool in plant breeding programs to provide maximum inheritable variability. To investigate the effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) on variation induction on agronomic ...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

In a greenhouse research, the effects of soil water conditions, sewage sludge and chemical fertilizers on growth characteristics and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Ali Kazemi) were studied in a loamy sand alkaline non-calcareous soil. The study was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design including soil water conditions in three levels (conti...

The first step of breeding programs and crops improvement are assess the genetic diversity and depends on germplasm availability and efficient utilization of their.This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variations among 70 sunflower recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from the cross between PAC2  RHA266 based on the morphological traits by using a rectangular lattice design with two...

Mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with plants root through effective uptake of water and nutrients can be reduced the negative effects of salinity. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some morpho-physiological traits and yield of Summer savory a greenhouse factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Laboratory of Medicinal Pla...