game-based practicing of materials can be seen as a method of capturing an essence of real- life expe-rience which is commonly missing in the conventional face-to-face classrooms. to serve the l2 learn-ers' immediate communicative needs in wider classroom and societal contexts, this study sought to place l2 english learners within an interactional social framework through reinforcing their...

The practice of translation/interpreting is guided by a diversity of theories and so is the instruction of translation/interpreting, though arguably to a lesser extent. Yet, pedagogical assessment of translation, especially in relation to the assessment of translation works by students, mostly seem to fall into one kind, one which is overwhelmingly based on an imagined standard and concerned wi...

This entry provides a brief overview of credit migration or transition matrices, which characterize past changes in credit quality of obligors (typically firms). They are cardinal inputs to many risk management applications, including portfolio risk assessment, the pricing of bonds and credit derivatives, and the assessment of regulatory capital as is the case for the New Basel Accord. I addres...

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of background Mozart Classical music on translator students' performance. In this study, the researchers focused not only on the relationship between music and translation but also on the relationship between music and personality traits. The main question this study tried to answer was whether using background music might enhance students' t...

In the translation industry, human translations are assessed by comparison with the source texts. In the Machine Translation (MT) research community, however, it is a common practice to perform quality assessment using a reference translation instead of the source text. In this paper we show that this practice has a serious issue – annotators are strongly biased by the reference translation pro...

Existing translation quality assessment (TQA) metrics have a few major drawbacks: they are often subjective, their scope is limited to the sentence level, and they do not take the translation situation into account. Though suitable for a general assessment, they lack the granularity needed to compare different methods of translation and their respective translation problems. In an attempt to so...