Foods and nutrients in them are one of the most important and variable factors affecting the bioavailability and function of oral drugs in the body. Foods affect the effectiveness of drugs in different ways. Just as medications often reduce the absorption of nutrients, foods often reduce the effectiveness of medications; food in the stomach delays the absorption of penicillin and amoxicillin an...

We examine the Dual Ramsey Theorem and two related combinatorial principles VW(k, l) and OVW(k, l) from the perspectives of reverse mathematics and effective mathematics. We give a statement of the Dual Ramsey Theorem for open colorings in second order arithmetic and formalize work of Carlson and Simpson [1] to show that this statement implies ACA0 over RCA0. We show that neither VW(2, 2) nor O...

Vegetative buffer strips are vegetated areas (usually strips) between fields and waterbodies that can mitigate the effects of agricultural activities by acting as a physical barrier to sediment and nutrients being carried to streams, and thereby have been widely used as a best management practice (BMP). Buffers can slow surface water flow and allow greater water infiltration, trapping the sedim...

Human biomonitoring involves measuring chemical substances, or biomarkers, in people’s blood serum or urine to estimate their exposures. Investigators typically use statistical adjustments to account for variations in urine dilution or serum lipid levels, because failure to adjust for these factors could result in biased estimates and loss of statistical power. In this issue of EHP, researchers...

infiltration in furrow irrigation is 2-d which depends on both time and surface characteristics at which infiltration occurs. however, in many furrow irrigation models, infiltration is determined as a function of infiltration time opportunity, assuming the variation of weted perimeter is low along furrow. in order to compare the proposed asumptions, two zero-inertia furrow irrigation models wer...

this paper presents discrete galerkin method for obtaining the numerical solution of higher even-order integro-differential equations with variable coefficients. we use the generalized jacobi polynomials with indexes corresponding to the number of homogeneous initial conditions as natural basis functions for the approximate solution. numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiven...