The art of cryptography is considered to be born along with the art of writing. As civilizations evolved, human beings got organized in tribes, groups, and kingdoms. This led to the emergence of ideas such as power, battles, supremacy, and politics. These ideas further fueled the natural need of people to communicate secretly with selective recipient which in turn ensured the continuous evoluti...

The "law and finance theory" predicts that the common law system provides the best basis for financial development and economic growth, followed by Scandinavian and German origin civil law and finally French origin civil law. Referring to a number of sceptical views, this paper argues that the theory faces an identification problem, since the majority of common law countries have a market-based...

This paper puts forward the view that the life-cycle model of system development has been allowed to make the transition from a useful intellectual tool for discussing specific aspects of the process to a definitive statement of what the process actually “is”. We argue that this hinders the discussion of Requirements Engineering in fundamental ways, and that challenges to the supremacy of this ...

of their peaceful island, which both threatened their ageing industrial supremacy and recalled to them the restive barbarians at the peripheries of their far-flung empire. Pick shows convincingly how British doctors and writers alike used a language which enabled them to deny simultaneously the existence of degeneration in their land (and therefore its cure by political means) yet identify and ...

The inclusion of pharmacists in the healthcare system of a developing country like Pakistan has always been a subject of debate among the healthcare professionals (HCPs), especially physicians, who have long ruled the healthcare system alone and who have had a long-held position of supremacy. The common argument against the inclusion of pharmacists is the dynamics of the healthcare system, and ...

Recent developments (e.g., e-Government, e-Democracy, e-Voting, etc.) of the Information Society expose the limits of system security. The ubiquitousness of Information Technology relies on stringent system requirements. Although new technology addresses technical problems and provides new challenges, new technology often gives rise to new hazards. In order to identify mitigation actions, it is...